Jennie Tourel
Born: June 22, 1900 - Vitebsk, Russia
Died: November 23, 1973 - New York, USA
The prominent Russian-born American, Jennie Tourel (real name, Davidovich), played first flute, then studied piano. After the Revolution, her family left Russia and settled temporarily near Danzig. They later moved to Paris, where she continued to study piano and contemplated a concert career. She then began to take voice lessons with Anna El-Tour, and decided to devote herself to professional singing. She changed her last name to Tourel by transposing the syllables of her teacher’s name.Jennie Tourel made her operatic debut at the Opéra Russe in Paris in 1931. Then she made her debut at the Metropolitan Opera in New York in May 1937, as Mignon. In 1937, just before the occupation of Paris by Nazi troops, she went to Lisbon, and eventually emigrated to the USA. She appeared on the Metropolitan Opera roster in 1943-1945 and 1946-1947. She became naturalized American citizen in 1946. In 1951 she created the role of Baba the Turk in Stravinsky’s The Rake’s Progress in Venice.In later years, Jennie Tourel devoted herself to recitals and orchestra engagements, excelling particularly in French repertoire. She also taught at the Juilliard School of Music inNew York, and at the Aspen (Colorado) School of Music.
圖雷爾是被人遺忘的20世紀美籍俄羅斯優秀女中音歌唱家。在美國Columbia時期(現爲SONY),圖雷爾錄有不少唱片,EMI也有少許,不過,今已絕版,DECCA《THE SINGERS》CD系列中的這款圖雷爾專輯,主要是收錄她擅唱的法國、俄羅斯的藝術歌曲,用聲如此細膩、含蓄,意境如此高雅、美妙,不傀是權威之演繹。從CD聽來,圖雷爾的女中音音質並不像今日女中音那渾厚,胸聲(Chest－Voice)也不很充實,但是,她那相似女高音的音色帶有一種迷人的韌性,初聽不過爾爾,再聽回味無窮,令我品之,歎之,徜徉其中。
所唱的1組法國藝術歌曲(比捷《阿拉伯旅店老闆的道別》、拉威爾《卡蒂希》、普朗克《小提琴》、貝遼茲《不在場》等),暗示多於平鋪直敍,含蓄多於盡情抒發,用聲用情特別強調控制性,且富於啓發性,這全然是法國表達方式的。她唱俄羅斯藝術歌曲,頭頭是道,多愁善感。柴可夫斯基的《在熱鬧的舞會裏》較適宜男高音演唱,女中音唱出也富於浪漫色彩,她那朦朧的音色更增添了憂鬱的情調,聲聲歎息,字字惆悵。她把柴可夫斯基《正當那初春的時候》當作小詠歎調來處理了,唱得那麽熱情、激情、多情。《只有那孤獨的心》及《忘記得多快》也是典型的"老柴情緒"的。在《別唱罷,美人》(拉赫瑪尼諾夫曲)、《在面具下》(巴拉基列夫曲)、《我將離去》(格列恰尼諾夫曲)以及《看,心愛的姑娘》(達爾戈梅斯基曲)等中,她特別注重聲音上的抑揚頓挫和音色上的輕重濃淡,旋律與朗誦並重,突出了人聲之美。另外,圖雷爾以述敘性手法唱出的羅西尼《威尼斯賽船會》(1.賽船前安佐列塔說,2.賽船中安佐列塔說,3.賽船後安佐列塔說),絲絲入扣,情景生動。唱得最富有煽動性的是李斯特《噢!當我入夢時》,用聲大膽,用情火熱,形象地唱出了對愛情的強烈渴望,這種如火似焰的情感表白,在今女中音中少矣。(转载）
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曲目：
La regata Veneziana, songs (3) in Venetian dialect for voice &
piano (Péchés de vieillesse, book 1)
Composed by Gioachino Rossini
with Jennie Tourel, Paul Ulanowsky
Paride ed Elena, opera in 5 acts, Wq. 39 O del mio dolce ardor
Composed by Christoph Willibald Gluck
with Jennie Tourel, Paul Ulanowsky
L’ Atenaide ossia Gli affetti generosi, opera in 3 acts, RV 702
Un certo non so che
Composed by Antonio Vivaldi
with Jennie Tourel, Paul Ulanowsky
Adieu de l’hôtesse arabe: "Puis’que rein ne t’arrête en cet
heureyx pays", song for voice & piano (Vingt mélodies No. 4)
Composed by Georges Bizet
with Jennie Tourel, Paul Ulanowsky
Oh! quand je dors (I), song for voice & piano, S. 282i (LW
N11/1)
Composed by Franz Liszt
with Jennie Tourel, Paul Ulanowsky
Trois chansons, for chorus (or voice & piano) Nicolette
Composed by Maurice Ravel
with Jennie Tourel, Paul Ulanowsky
Deux mélodies hébraïques, for voice & piano (or orchestra)
Kaddisch
Composed by Maurice Ravel
with Jennie Tourel, Paul Ulanowsky
Fiançailles pour rire, song cycle for voice & piano, FP 101
Violin
Composed by Francis Poulenc
with Jennie Tourel, Paul Ulanowsky
Les Nuits d’été, song cycle for voice & piano (or orchestra), H.
81 (Op. 7) Absence
Composed by Hector Berlioz
with Jennie Tourel, Paul Ulanowsky
None but the lonely heart, song for voice & piano, Op. 6/6
Composed by Pyotr Il’yich Tchaikovsky
with Jennie Tourel, Brooks Smith
To forget so soon (Zabyt’ tak skoro), song for voice & piano
Composed by Pyotr Il’yich Tchaikovsky
with Jennie Tourel, Brooks Smith
Amid the noise of the ball, song for voice and piano, Op. 38/3
Composed by Pyotr Il’yich Tchaikovsky
with Jennie Tourel, Brooks Smith
It was in early spring (At the ball), song for voice & piano,
Op. 38/2
Composed by Pyotr Il’yich Tchaikovsky
with Jennie Tourel, Brooks Smith
Over the Steppe, for voice & piano, Op. 5/1
Composed by Alexander Tikhonovich Grechaninov
with Jennie Tourel, Brooks Smith
In the silence of the secret night, song for voice & piano, Op.
4/3
Composed by Sergey Rachmaninov
with Jennie Tourel, Brooks Smith
Georgian Song ("Do not Sing, My Beauty"), for voice & piano, Op.
4/4
Composed by Sergey Rachmaninov
with Jennie Tourel, Brooks Smith
I have grown fond of sorrow, song for voice & piano, Op. 8/4
Composed by Sergey Rachmaninov
with Jennie Tourel, Brooks Smith
Under the Mysterious Mask (Iz-pod tainstvennoy, kholodnoy
polumaski), song for voice & piano (or orchestra) (10 Songs
1903-04, No. 9)
Composed by Mily Balakirev
with Jennie Tourel, Brooks Smith
Podyu l’ ya (I shall go), for voice & piano
Composed by Alexander Tikhonovich Grechaninov
with Jennie Tourel, Brooks Smith
Dushechkï devitsï (Look, darling girls), for voice & piano
Composed by Alexander Sergeyevich Dargomizhsky
with Jennie Tourel, Brooks Smith
The Lark Sings Louder (Zvonche zhavoronka pen’ye), song for
voice & piano (In spring No. 1), Op. 43/1
Composed by Nikolay Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov
with Jennie Tourel, Brooks Smith
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